Monday, September 30, 2019

Aquiring Admissable Statements Essay

1. When reviewing the legal requirements to acquire an admissible statement, what similarities did you find among the four states? In general the similarities among the four states pertain to the use of public records such as religious ones, family history, documents more than 20 years old, recorded recollections, the absence of public records, vital statistics, statements about the declarant’s present sense impressions or the declarant’s the existing mental, physical or emotional state, statements about the person’s medical condition. Arizona, Illinois and New York also allow telephone conversations to be admitted into evidence as long as one part has consented to such recording (Pilgrim Software, 2007). 2. What differences did you find among the four states? California requires both parties’ consent to telephone conversation recording for the telephone call to be admitted as evidence (Pilgrim Software, 2007). California has admitted hearsay statements by victims who were murdered, as demonstrated by the (Colb, 2008) Giles v. California. New York Evidence Law (2006) does not allow prior consistent statements. They can only be used to disprove misassigned motive, as demonstrated by People v. Seit, 86 N.Y.2d 92 (1995) (p. 15).However, New York has made exceptions to such statements when they apply to present impressions (p. 15). Out-of-court identifications made by persons not present is treated as hearsay (p. 15). This is also true for California (DiCarlo, 2001). In Arizona, former testimony in a non-criminal action or proceeding is admissible. If it relates to criminal actions or proceedings it is inadmissible (â€Å"Arizona rules,† 2009). Yet, Arizona allows firsthand written accounts of the person’s activities or routines (2009). Illinois (2011) contends that one must â€Å"[†¦] prove the content of a writing, recording, or photograph, the original writing, recording, or photograph is required, except as otherwise provided in these rules or by statute† in order to be admitted. If the original is unavailable, exceptions might be made (2011). 3. What do you consider the most interesting concept regarding your comparison of admissible statements for these states? Perhaps, the most interesting concept regarding the comparison of admissible statements and hearsay exceptions for these states lie within the small and pivotal differences between them. Almost every difference is explained by a court case in that particular state. when one considers that each state has a few exceptions to the federal rules of evidence and hearsay, I cannot help but wonder whether such exceptions are constitutional.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Language acquisition Essay

Contemporary researchers, who are interested in the language teaching, ELT publishing, second language acquisition and the theory of language in general while referring the process of a mother tongue influence on a foreign language teaching, usually apply the terms: ‘Language Interference’, ‘Cross-Linguistic Influence’, or ‘Transfer’. All of the terms imply that the language produced by foreign learners is that all the languages of the world have similarities which make a foreign language more familiar to a learner. Thus, while learning a foreign language students try to look for similarities with their mother tongue. These similarities in many cases depend on individual perceptions and in this way can be deceptive. Modern scientists suggest that the idea that the language produced by foreign learners can never be pure, it is unavoidably influenced by learners’ mother tongue. Sometimes mother tongue affects learning a foreign language so much, that the foreign language becomes distorted. So, the foreign language learnt should be better termed an ‘inter-language’ and, as Nicholls, D points out in the article What is learner English? , â€Å"it [the foreign language learnt] will always be a blend of the foreign language and the mother tongue. † (Nicholls 2002). As it was already mentioned above, the similarities found between a mother tongue and the foreign language a hindrance and a help, causing positive and negative transfer. (Nicholls 2002). Positive transfer is found in correct ‘guesses’, and the prompts, which help a learner to get the things right. Though positive transfer is a rich area of study, it is not in the scope of the study of the paper. Further the paper will discuss the negative transfer or the language interference that causes the learner errors in the process of a foreign language acquisition. In the sphere of contemporary education, the English language produced by learners is referred as ‘learner English’. An opposing term to ‘learner English’ is ‘Non-learner English’, the meaning of those is closely connected with the notions: ‘Standard English’ and ‘correct variant of English’. So, following the ideas of scientists, the English produced by learners will always be ‘foreign’. In order to make the further research more clear, it is necessary to define the main terms of the theory. First of all, the theory of language interference operates with the notions: first language and foreign language. Walters K. and Brody M. in their article What’s language got to do with it? define first language as the first language acquired by a person since his/her birth or childhood. If a person learns two or more languages in his/her infancy, then the person is considered to have two or more first languages. (Walters and Brody 2005) In this way, the term ‘First Language’ is very close to the terms ‘Native Language’ and ‘Mother Tongue’. However, the notion of mother tongue presupposes that the person learns the languages from infancy in the home. (Walters and Brody 2005) All in all, native language, as well mother tongue, and first language are learnt by a child mostly unconsciously and involuntary. A child may learn his/her mother tongue even if no special attempts at teaching are made. Also, the first language serves as a spoken medium of communication and â€Å"is largely achieved from random exposure. † (Encyclopedia Britannica 2004). In contrast to the first language, foreign language is taught purposefully. It is not necessarily acquired in one’s childhood or in one’s home. Walters K. and Brody M. write about a foreign language: it is â€Å"learned or used by a person for limited and/or specific purposes such as business transactions or reading. A foreign language is not learned with the in-tent of using it extensively in daily life. † (Walters and Brody 2005) So, another difference is found out. The first language is used in a person’s everyday life, whereas the spheres of usage of a foreign language are limited by place and by time. In other words, students speak or think in a foreign language during their lessons and at their classroom. When the lesson of a foreign language is over, students naturally go back to their mother tongue. This feature, certainly, gives more advantages to students’ mother tongue and encourages them to use their native language in a wider range, more ‘extensively’. The last not only fosters better development of a mother tongue in comparison with that of a foreign language, but also it puts the mother tongue in a dominating position over the foreign language. However, the notion of foreign language should not be confused with the notion of second language.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

A Social Partnerships in the New Millenium

There is also a huge amount being written about the issue, some Industrial Relations commentators have even hailed this as the most exciting thing to happen to UK industry in years. However, not every group completely agrees with this. For example, some groups believe that Social Partnership has had a very negative effect on British Trade Unions. At www.labournet.org.uk a group have named a bulletin board ‘Solidarity’. It is a page dedicated to ‘challenging social partnership’ and it’s apparent corrosive effects on union power. It is very typical of the types of arguments put forward by groups that are oh so against social partnerships. Stakeholders like the authors of solidarity believe that social partnerships tie unions to the coat tails of employers. What they want is a ‘new unionism’ which opposes subordination to the ‘global market’ and builds on the experience of the Liverpool Dockers. This group is completely opposed to any kind of privatisation and really wants more from unions than just a concern for working conditions. They want a break â€Å"..with the narrow work place concerns of ‘non-political’ trade unionism† and believe that unions should fight † for the interests of the working class and oppressed as a whole†. They also see a need for a repeal of all â€Å"anti-union† legislation and an end to state interference into unions, such as social partnership agreements. Taken from ‘Solidarity’, the journal that openly states it’s purpose is to challenge social partnerships in trade unions, here are some ‘facts’ that display how social partnerships have had a harmful effect on British trade unions: In Rover and the car industry, where the unions have identified the interests of workers with commercial success in the ‘global market’, they have been gravely weakened and meekly accepted massive job cuts. USDAW has reached a ‘Partnership Agreement’ with Tesco which takes away the right of the union members as a whole to vote on pay deals. The TUC has collaborated with a privatised utility in the Energy Industry and set up a company with them – Union Energy – thus effectively abandoning the fight for re-nationalisation. They are collaborating with a privatised utility which has decimated trade union members’ jobs. The unions have swallowed ‘Investors in People’ which identifies the interests of union members with the ‘business aims’ of private companies. The TUC and most unions have accepted that the increased competition of the ‘global market’ means unity with ‘our employers’ and competing with workers in other countries. Stakeholders like these aim to challenge social partnership by campaigning for complete independence of the unions from the employer. They reject globalisation and counterpoise to it a working class internationalism which recognises that workers have more in common with those in other countries than they do with ‘our own’ bosses. It is a very Marxist standpoint . They feel that for those in the unions who support their independence from the employers and the state, a systematic struggle against ‘social partnership’ in all its manifestations is a central task if they are to break the unions from the employers’ coat tails. They are insistent that this outlook has only been adopted by union leaders. It has though percolated down to many workplaces, reinforced by the fear of unemployment. This far left view contrasts greatly with those unions that actually see social partnership in a very positive, if slightly unclear light. Unions like FIET, The International Federation of commercial, clerical, professional, and technical employees see social partnership as a â€Å"new and challenging area of work for the union.† For unions that see the millennium as a time to accept social partnership, it will mean unions and companies learning to do things differently, rather than trying to campaign against this change. Some unions like FIET have accepted that we now have a government committed to promoting the partnership approach, and to ensuring that it becomes a permanent feature in the workplace. Unions like this have therefore accepted that social partnership is going to be around for a long time. I think that left wing reactions to social partnerships, like that of ‘Solidarity’ is very much a reactive one rather than considered. I think that those stakeholders set so strongly against this issue need to understand that the government’s political commitment to partnership goes far beyond the UK. We now have a new and positive approach to Europe and this social partnership model is at the heart of the EU’s approach to all Industrial Relations. Indeed Social Partnership does mean long term changes to the Industrial Relations scene in Europe and in Britain, all that unions need to work on is understanding what these changes will mean for their members and the companies that they work in. Looked at from this more positive, optimistic standpoint then social partnership has the potential to deliver some very real benefits: Potentially it means that employers will be working with the trade unions to bring about improvements in the quality of work. It means that employees, through their trade union, will be given a much greater say in how their company is run. Social partnership should give unions the opportunity to be consulted earlier, more often and on a wider range of issues than has happened before. Surely the growth in partnership at work can only be a welcome one, if not somewhat overdue? However, these encouraging and upbeat pointers can only be achieved if the unions get themselves involved in equal terms right from the beginning, otherwise employers could try to do things without the unions. As stakeholders like ‘Solidarity’ state I think that there is indeed a risk that social partnership may be used to try and undermine trade union organisation in the work place. Employers could potentially claim that they can have a partnership directly with their staff and do not require the union’s participation. If the unions are excluded in this way then not only could there be disastrous consequences for union members but social partnership will not work for employers either. Partnership can only be successful when employees as partners are properly supported and resourced through a dependable trade union. To illustrate this point further, let us consider what may happen if the retail sector tried to introduce partnership without trade union involvement : Most employees in this sector work part-time. There are increasingly complex and unsociable working hours in retailing which in turn means that most employees may have very little contact with anyone beyond their shift. In these circumstances employees have less of an opportunity to form a collective view. Simply meeting together can be extremely difficult in such organisations, let alone having the resources and confidence to develop their own ideas and concerns. Therefore it is clear that in most cases employees are unlikely to become equal and effective partners when they do not have the time or the means to generate their own agenda. A dependable and experienced trade union means that employees can enter into partnership properly supported and resourced. To achieve this, a real commitment is required from employers to supporting trade union membership, as the best way for their staff to be given a voice and more importantly the confidence to use it. Basically partnership needs partners. But how will social partnership actually change things in real terms for employees and the unions? By answering this question I will hopefully be able to assess if social partnership is a viable way forward in the new millennium. Firstly, unions need to take a positive approach, for them social partnerships should be about: Co-operation, not confrontation. Improving the quality of working life. Employers listening to and respecting unions and vice versa. Employees developing their own agenda through their trade union. If they agree on the above terms then hopefully it will mean: Moving away from the common practice of the union only talking to companies once a year. At the moment, even with companies with whom there exists a good relationship, unions often only talk to the organisation at the time of the annual wage negotiations. Many unions feel that the annual wage round sometimes becomes a little tired and predictable, with companies offering the lowest increase that they feel they can get away with. However, partnership is different. For the unions, it means talking to companies throughout the year. It means having a constant dialogue with employers about what is happening at all levels of the company. It should also mean that the union is consulted on a wider range of issues. Companies are used to contacting unions when they are implementing redundancies or sell offs. Mainly because there is a legal obligation on them to do this, but unions have not in the past been consulted on the overall direction of a company or about strategic decisions that may affect employees. A Social Partnership means that the union should be consulted on a far wider range of issues than they have been used to. It means earlier and better consultation sessions, theoretically no more being told about something when it has already been implemented. A Social Partnerships in the New Millenium There is also a huge amount being written about the issue, some Industrial Relations commentators have even hailed this as the most exciting thing to happen to UK industry in years. However, not every group completely agrees with this. For example, some groups believe that Social Partnership has had a very negative effect on British Trade Unions. At www.labournet.org.uk a group have named a bulletin board ‘Solidarity’. It is a page dedicated to ‘challenging social partnership’ and it’s apparent corrosive effects on union power. It is very typical of the types of arguments put forward by groups that are oh so against social partnerships. Stakeholders like the authors of solidarity believe that social partnerships tie unions to the coat tails of employers. What they want is a ‘new unionism’ which opposes subordination to the ‘global market’ and builds on the experience of the Liverpool Dockers. This group is completely opposed to any kind of privatisation and really wants more from unions than just a concern for working conditions. They want a break â€Å"..with the narrow work place concerns of ‘non-political’ trade unionism† and believe that unions should fight † for the interests of the working class and oppressed as a whole†. They also see a need for a repeal of all â€Å"anti-union† legislation and an end to state interference into unions, such as social partnership agreements. Taken from ‘Solidarity’, the journal that openly states it’s purpose is to challenge social partnerships in trade unions, here are some ‘facts’ that display how social partnerships have had a harmful effect on British trade unions: In Rover and the car industry, where the unions have identified the interests of workers with commercial success in the ‘global market’, they have been gravely weakened and meekly accepted massive job cuts. USDAW has reached a ‘Partnership Agreement’ with Tesco which takes away the right of the union members as a whole to vote on pay deals. The TUC has collaborated with a privatised utility in the Energy Industry and set up a company with them – Union Energy – thus effectively abandoning the fight for re-nationalisation. They are collaborating with a privatised utility which has decimated trade union members’ jobs. The unions have swallowed ‘Investors in People’ which identifies the interests of union members with the ‘business aims’ of private companies. The TUC and most unions have accepted that the increased competition of the ‘global market’ means unity with ‘our employers’ and competing with workers in other countries. Stakeholders like these aim to challenge social partnership by campaigning for complete independence of the unions from the employer. They reject globalisation and counterpoise to it a working class internationalism which recognises that workers have more in common with those in other countries than they do with ‘our own’ bosses. It is a very Marxist standpoint . They feel that for those in the unions who support their independence from the employers and the state, a systematic struggle against ‘social partnership’ in all its manifestations is a central task if they are to break the unions from the employers’ coat tails. They are insistent that this outlook has only been adopted by union leaders. It has though percolated down to many workplaces, reinforced by the fear of unemployment. This far left view contrasts greatly with those unions that actually see social partnership in a very positive, if slightly unclear light. Unions like FIET, The International Federation of commercial, clerical, professional, and technical employees see social partnership as a â€Å"new and challenging area of work for the union.† For unions that see the millennium as a time to accept social partnership, it will mean unions and companies learning to do things differently, rather than trying to campaign against this change. Some unions like FIET have accepted that we now have a government committed to promoting the partnership approach, and to ensuring that it becomes a permanent feature in the workplace. Unions like this have therefore accepted that social partnership is going to be around for a long time. I think that left wing reactions to social partnerships, like that of ‘Solidarity’ is very much a reactive one rather than considered. I think that those stakeholders set so strongly against this issue need to understand that the government’s political commitment to partnership goes far beyond the UK. We now have a new and positive approach to Europe and this social partnership model is at the heart of the EU’s approach to all Industrial Relations. Indeed Social Partnership does mean long term changes to the Industrial Relations scene in Europe and in Britain, all that unions need to work on is understanding what these changes will mean for their members and the companies that they work in. Looked at from this more positive, optimistic standpoint then social partnership has the potential to deliver some very real benefits: Potentially it means that employers will be working with the trade unions to bring about improvements in the quality of work. It means that employees, through their trade union, will be given a much greater say in how their company is run. Social partnership should give unions the opportunity to be consulted earlier, more often and on a wider range of issues than has happened before. Surely the growth in partnership at work can only be a welcome one, if not somewhat overdue? However, these encouraging and upbeat pointers can only be achieved if the unions get themselves involved in equal terms right from the beginning, otherwise employers could try to do things without the unions. As stakeholders like ‘Solidarity’ state I think that there is indeed a risk that social partnership may be used to try and undermine trade union organisation in the work place. Employers could potentially claim that they can have a partnership directly with their staff and do not require the union’s participation. If the unions are excluded in this way then not only could there be disastrous consequences for union members but social partnership will not work for employers either. Partnership can only be successful when employees as partners are properly supported and resourced through a dependable trade union. To illustrate this point further, let us consider what may happen if the retail sector tried to introduce partnership without trade union involvement : Most employees in this sector work part-time. There are increasingly complex and unsociable working hours in retailing which in turn means that most employees may have very little contact with anyone beyond their shift. In these circumstances employees have less of an opportunity to form a collective view. Simply meeting together can be extremely difficult in such organisations, let alone having the resources and confidence to develop their own ideas and concerns. Therefore it is clear that in most cases employees are unlikely to become equal and effective partners when they do not have the time or the means to generate their own agenda. A dependable and experienced trade union means that employees can enter into partnership properly supported and resourced. To achieve this, a real commitment is required from employers to supporting trade union membership, as the best way for their staff to be given a voice and more importantly the confidence to use it. Basically partnership needs partners. But how will social partnership actually change things in real terms for employees and the unions? By answering this question I will hopefully be able to assess if social partnership is a viable way forward in the new millennium. Firstly, unions need to take a positive approach, for them social partnerships should be about: Co-operation, not confrontation. Improving the quality of working life. Employers listening to and respecting unions and vice versa. Employees developing their own agenda through their trade union. If they agree on the above terms then hopefully it will mean: Moving away from the common practice of the union only talking to companies once a year. At the moment, even with companies with whom there exists a good relationship, unions often only talk to the organisation at the time of the annual wage negotiations. Many unions feel that the annual wage round sometimes becomes a little tired and predictable, with companies offering the lowest increase that they feel they can get away with. However, partnership is different. For the unions, it means talking to companies throughout the year. It means having a constant dialogue with employers about what is happening at all levels of the company. It should also mean that the union is consulted on a wider range of issues. Companies are used to contacting unions when they are implementing redundancies or sell offs. Mainly because there is a legal obligation on them to do this, but unions have not in the past been consulted on the overall direction of a company or about strategic decisions that may affect employees. A Social Partnership means that the union should be consulted on a far wider range of issues than they have been used to. It means earlier and better consultation sessions, theoretically no more being told about something when it has already been implemented.

Friday, September 27, 2019

Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Speech - Essay Example have added advantage as they inherited with richness and fair complexity that generates dominating behavior and attitudes towards Hispanics (Macartney et al., 2014). In addition, older people will show that as they have spent much period of life and have assembled considerable experiences (Population Division, n.d.). b. There exist variations in framing and evaluating the data and information based on the categories of audiences. It is equally important that where there are more women than men, or more Asian Americans than Hispanics, or older people than younger people, the speech delivered to them need to be highly intellectual and presented in such a manner that addresses past, present and future aspects (Pearson Education Ltd, 2014). The specific purpose statement defines about the scope, objective and purpose of the research study in relation to the relevant topic. On the other hand, thesis statement states about main objective, significance and researcher opinion about the topic (SBCC, n.d.). In order to critically evaluate the Internet sources, it is crucial to keep certain key aspect in mind. In this regard, the evaluator should consider authorship, publishing body, accuracy, authority, currency and coverage among others (Western Kentucky University, 2014). A proper credit to sources can be given, if the internet sources meet the required information needs. Besides, appropriateness of format, integrity, authenticity and reliability of the internet source can be measured to provide order proper credit to the sources (American Sociological Association,

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Christopher Columbus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Christopher Columbus - Essay Example Some people held the proposition that Norse actually explored the northeastern North America and may be beyond that. Various documents from the Norroena collection support the view that the Norse reached the Georgia or South Carolina, though these views have often faced wide controversies all over. Recent beliefs and studies suggest that the first European to reach America was Leifur Eriksson who reached America as early as in the 11th Century. In spite of all this beliefs it is still widely believed that it was Christopher Columbus who discovered America in the year 1492 in his first voyage. Section B. 4. Puritans were a group of people who lived in the Churches of England and devoted their life’s towards religious, morals and the social views. They entered in America in order to escape the persecution from the leadership of the church. In the new world the puritans faced a wide range of problems. The biggest problem faced by them was that they faced persecution. Apart from t he persecution they faced shortage of food, hard living conditions. The puritans faced repeated life threats from the group of Indians and they were isolated, They did not received any sort of help from the civil society and lived their days in fear. They had to struggle with the nature also as they had to face harsh winters. Puritans wanted to maintain spirituality in every thing they do which was very difficult for the modern worked to accept. In an open environment, maintenance of such rituals was not possible and it was the problem they faced in America. Colonials view was abandoned in England and the idea was desolated because of the strictness and the rigidness mentioned. Section D The new American government faced an economic problem. The Federal Government faced a huge debt of $54 million. Foreign credit was unavailable and paper currency became useless. Alexander Hamilton was asked to look into this problem. The problem that Hamilton faced was a huge national debt. He asked the government to assume the entire debt of the federal government and the states. Certain states like Maryland, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and Virginia, saw no logic as to why they should be taxed by the federal government to pay off the debts of other states like Massachusetts and South Carolina, especially when they had already paid off their own debts. Even then, Hamilton’s debt program was implemented, and it was a success. (Clark 2011, pp 233) Later, a political division started to take shape in the form of a conflict between Jefferson, Madison and Hamilton. Hamilton used the Bank of England as a role model for the Bank of United States. He favored a government by the rich, who would support the government and laid emphasis on commerce and industry. Jefferson on the other hand was a classical liberal. He believed in broad diffusion of wealth while Hamilton’s ideas concentrated wealth in the hands of few. Jefferson favored limited participation in the economy while Hamilton tried to put on heavy tariffs so that Americans could compete in the world market (Katz & Vencill; Hamiltons Fiscal Program). Hamilton’s idea of industrialization was opposed because it segregated from Jefferson’s conception of U.S. Jefferson saw it as a Utopian Agrarian society which would be ruined by industrialization. Hamilton

Procedures in the Physical Sciences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Procedures in the Physical Sciences - Essay Example Science can be defined to be a systematic knowledge of the physical material contained on earth and even beyond. This knowledge is gained through experiments and observations. Identify three (3) specific challenges to making direct measurements in the fields of astronomy, chemistry, physics, or earth science. Describe how scientists have utilized indirect forms of measure to overcome these challenges. Challenges’ arise in the quest to gain this knowledge, for example, ; it becomes difficult sometimes to measure some elements and phenomena directly. Astronomy as a science has been around for quite a while. Astronomy is defined as a natural science that studies objects in the universe such as planets, stars galaxies, moons and even nebulae. This study involves the physics chemistry mathematics and evolution associated with this objects not excluding the phenomena that originates outside the atmosphere of the earth (Neugebauer,50). Astronomy provides an opportunity for armatures to contribute. These contributions are responsible for major developments in this field. This does not imply that all or most discoveries have been carried out. Challenges have risen from different angles, for instance one of the major problems they have encountered is finding the accurate distance of planets and stars from planet earth. However, with the advancements made in the field discoveries such as the use of luminosity and brightness of the astronomical objects to figure out their distance from the earth. Luminosity is a way of measuring the amount of brightness or energy emitted by any form of matter in the universe (Salpeter,10-30). This implies that light that travels to reach the earth can be measured. A hypothesis is made that stars shift off the main sequence after they burn up to about 10% of the hydrogen they contain and that there is an uniform creation of stars in the universe. Using this hypothesis and the luminosity function that has been observed, the rate that stare created as a function of stellar mass is then calculated. These calculations are deemed to assist to indirectly give the distance of a body from the earth. Another possible indirect way of doing this is a method called parallax, which involves triangulation. The major process involved is looking at the records of a star and then looking at it six months later. Astronomers can measure the distance of the angle of viewing .the combination of this work with the orbital diameter of the earth to sun and some involved produces the distance of that body. Objects in space are not the only challenge that astronomers face. Another challenge that astronomers have faced is the determination of the age of the universe. There is no direct way of measuring how long the universe has been around. For a while in the 90s the estimated age of the universe was ten billion years, however, age estimates for the stars and the galaxy were about 13 and 18 billion years respectively. This implies that s ome bodies in the universe are older than the universe itself. Better estimates of distance to the stars used in measuring age have reduced the disparities down to only a few billion years. Giving a consideration at dark energy into the cosmological model pushed the age estimates of the universe to the current value of 13.80 billion years. Choose two (2) of the most historically influential tools or techniques in the physical sciences. Explain how these techniques or tools work, and how they helped to advance our

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

The Marine Insurance Act 1906 states 'Subject to the provision of this Assignment

The Marine Insurance Act 1906 states 'Subject to the provision of this Act, every person has an insurable interest who is interested in a marine adventure' - Assignment Example Those with insurable interest in marine insurance includes everyone who would suffer loss in the event of the insured risk occurring. Such include the owner of the consignment under shipping, the seller of the goods, the mortgager and mortgagee among others. The paper will discuss when insurable interest exists according to the Marine Insurance Act 1906 and outline hull and cargo interests which define the types of marine insurance. Noussia (1) and Giaschi (1) note that at around 215 B.C., the Lloyds of London developed measures to ensure that they are protected against losses incurred during their trades as they ship cargo to West Indies. Merchants would come together and have each of them bear part of the maritime risk such that they would share any losses occurring during such adventures. With time, the strategy shifted to using individuals who did not have any interest in these adventures where they would pay premiums to them and transfer maritime risks to them. In the modern world, commercial insurers bear the cost of compensation by accepting premiums depending on the magnitude of the risk involved. According to the National Archives, marine insurance refers to the insurer undertaking to indemnify the assured against losses occurring during a marine adventure as per their agreement, in manner and extent. This could be extended through its express terms to cover against losses on land or inland waters as a consequence of sea voyage. According to the UK Marine Insurance Act 1906, referred to as the mother of all statues on marine insurance by Birds (5), everyone interested in a maritime adventure has insurable interest. Such persons could have a legal relation to the adventure or could have property therein that could be insured, of which, its safety or due arrival would be of direct benefit. Loss, damage or detention of such property

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Historic Preservations Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Historic Preservations - Annotated Bibliography Example Recent studies however show that historic preservations do not hinder economic development but instead can be a powerful economic tool through tourism, entertainment and environmental management (Laurie 38). The book summarizes on the positive impacts historic preservations can make to the economy and different approaches to enhancing the economy through historic preservations. This book can be a useful guide to states and nations that view historic preservations as a hindrance to the growth of their economy. The book was issued six years ago and had recent studies and information on ways to improve the economy through historic preservations. The author has included scholarly publications for reference which can be used for the purpose of more research and other academic works. The book is a viable source for this research because it has information in determining if historic preservation affects the economy of the country. Historic preservation and sustainability are the key concepts of this book. The author has put together works of different authors who attended the National Forum on Historic Preservation Practice, which was held in March in the year 2009 (Longstreth 1). The forum aims at making historic preservations sustainable. The author summarizes on how nations and states can involve the community and its people in the sustainability of historic sites and heritage. Many nations enacted laws, regulations and policies to preserving the environment and historic sites. The author looks at how setting up schemes like irrigation schemes, urban waterworks and agricultural lands can bring sustainable growth to the nation and what consequences can arise from using alternatives that are thought to bring sustainable result. The author wrote this book five years ago and has discussed on the limitations and benefits of historic preservation laws to the public,

Monday, September 23, 2019

Women Roles in Near and Middle Eastern, African and European Societies Research Paper

Women Roles in Near and Middle Eastern, African and European Societies - Research Paper Example Prior to the advent of Islam, the role and status of women was dependent on the tribe and area they belonged to or e.g. the Bedouin, the tribes of the south of the Arabian Peninsula, the tribes of Mecca etc. But the overall condition was still very bad because of the prevalence of customs like infanticide and unlimited polygamy. Women had virtually no legal status and no right to either inheritance or to divorce. V. M. Moghadam studied their situation and argues that the position of women was mostly influenced by the extent of urbanization, industrialization, and the political ploys of the management (Moghadam 4-9). Women had no role in the politics and had no suffrage rights. They were good only for producing male babies; female babies were even buried alive out of shame. Women were sold into marriages by their guardians and the suitor could end the marriage whenever he liked. Hatoon al Fassi, a Saudi historian, studied much earlier historical origins of Arab women's rights by using evidence from the ancient Arabian kingdom of Nabataea. Her findings indicate that Arab women in Nabataea had independent legal personalities but they lost many of their rights through ancient Greek and Roman law prior to the arrival of Islam. Many of these constraints became the part of the culture and were retained even after the advent of Islam (al-Fassi 12-18).The advent of Islam brought a lot of betterment for the condition of the women. They were given the right of inheritance and their consent was made necessary in marriage according to the edicts of Islam. Female infanticide was strictly prohibited. Quran, the Holy Book of Islam, carried the instructions that made elevated the status of women in the society. Where women were previously not allowed to get a formal education, its acquirement was made mandatory for both men and women in Islam. Women were seen in many roles after the arrival of Islam, as educators, teachers, and scholars and even as businesswomen. Women were fou nd working in a wide range of commercial activities and diverse occupations, for e.g. as farmers construction workers, lenders, dyers, spinners, investors, doctors and nurses, presidents of guilds, peddlers, brokers, scholars, etc. Muslim women also had domination over certain branches of the textile industry which was the largest and most specialized and market-oriented industry at the time, involving them in occupations such as dyeing, spinning and embroidery. In comparison and stark contrast, the property rights and wage labor for females were relatively uncommon in Europe until the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries. Similarly, women started playing an important role in the foundations of Islamic educational institutions, such as Fatima al-Fihri's founding of the University of Al Karaouine in 859. This positive trend continued through to the 12th and 13th centuries, when one hundred and sixty mosques and madrasahs were established in Damascus out of which twent y six were funded by women through the Waqf (charitable trust or trust law) system (Lindsay 191-196). Women of the contemporary Arab world

Sunday, September 22, 2019

The scheduling of photography Essay Example for Free

The scheduling of photography Essay Photography, whether that being out sourced or in house, is an important aspect in advertising for any business. These options contain both pros and cons when discussing the financial and beneficial aspects in regards to the company effectively reaching target audience. The convenience of the in house photography and that of scheduling out sourced professional photographers will prove interesting and vital in detail. Also, the idea of the many uses of this imagery and accessibility can be a factor in the merchandising, advertising and business fortitude. The convenience associated with that of having complete access to the utilization of developing an in house photography staff is far superior to that of any other option. The fact is that the company can offer any schedule constraint to the imagery team and allow that task to be completed within the time sensitive request. Employees are more likely to understand the needs of the company when given the task of providing merchandising imagery. The company also has access to these images because the photographs are the sole property of the company. Alternatively, out sourced photography also has many beneficial aspects in regards to advertising. This is especially true when discussing the professionalism associated with the character, products, and services provided by a person with their own reputation at stake. A professional photographer will use various contracts, which are designed to ensure quality work in a timely manner. So that the company can rest assured that the services will be of high quality which in turn will benefit the company and reach consumers. The scheduling of photography sessions may cause some problems when accessibility is important, but impossible due to versatility. Some opportunities in which new photographs would benefit the company in advertising campaigns may include every new crop season throughout the year, special events, grand re-openings, before and after company renovations, new employee hire, promotions, etc.,. In house photography staff would have better access to locations before, during and after hours of operation. This opportunity depends greatly on the imagery necessary for that specific advertising campaign. While out sourced photography may find these times difficult to adhere to if his or her business is compiled of numerous clients and contracted services in various locations. Usage of the company’s stored imagery can be made useful in many areas of advertising, marketing and employee morale. For instance, displaying enlarged images of the store’s employee of the month near the front of the store tends to lift the spirits of the employees. This program is usually based on good customer relations, positive work ethics and great personal attributes. All of these aspects having been used to benefit the company’s reputation in the public’s view. Other employees will also strive to be rewarded for their efforts at work. Employees tend to show more pride in their work when the company displays graditude and appreciation of good work ethics. As far as advertising and marketing goes, showcasing products in magazine ads, commercial brochures, billboards, web page templates, so on and so forth the opportunities are endless, or so it may seem. Even when posting employment ads for new openings, the use of employee images of happy coworkers can inspire people to apply for the available position. Images of products can be displayed throughout the store to entice consumers while shopping. The same images can be used in training new employees to recognize the benefits of buying and upselling merchandise. This will also benefit employees in setting up displays that will better showcase the products available. Out sourcing and in house photography would work in either scenario. These types of images can be taken at any time throughout the year. Seasonal products, special events and holiday promotions would be the more stressful objectives to complete because they contain major time constraints. Thus, making the project more difficult for the out sourced photographer because of the scheduling issues with other clients. In house photography seems to benefit the company more because of the accessibility, being less of a financial burden than out sourced photography and training in what the company actually needs. The photographs can be used in an array of advertising arenas, including that of marketing and even training. The benefits of in house photography far outweigh that of hiring a professional photographer that is out sourced and less accessible.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Comparison of Oral and Written Presentation

Comparison of Oral and Written Presentation RADHIKA SETHI Question Mention two different situations (imaginary) when oral presentations would be more effective than written presentations, reasoning why. Explain different principles for making successful oral business presentations. Answer Presentations mean speaking before public on some formal occasion. It is also known as public speaking. Presentation is done before a select audience. A presentation means â€Å"a formal or set piece occasion with two usual hallmarks- the use of audio visual aids and team work†. In oral presentation an individual is pitted against a group. Therefore careful preparation is necessary for ensuring success in presentation. Need for oral presentation Presenting a new business plan Launching a new product/ service Making a sales proposal Starting a training course Conference Negotiating a business deal Situations where oral presentation is more effective than written presentations 1. Rey company ltd launched its new microwave in a mall. They give an oral presentation to launch its product. They launched their product in front of a large audience gathered at the mall. They used a/v’s to demonstrate the features and usage of the microwave. A lucky draw was conducted to attract the public. People were asked to give direct feedback about the product. The speaker effectively communicated with the audience leading to an advance order of 500 microwaves. 2. A politician in its rally gave an oral presentation to persuade people to elect him. In his presentation he included lots of information from the history what his party did for the general public. Usage of bar graphs and pie charts to provide adequate data to the public. It helped him in presenting the right image for diverse audience. The complex and heterogeneous audience was motivated by his presentation. In both the situations oral presentation is more effective then written presentation because of the following reasons: Oral presentation is flexible where as written presentation is inflexible. A speaker can modify his presentation according to the needs of his audience. It is easier for a speaker to check whether the instruction is clear to the audience or not. One can personally contact his audience which is not possible in written presentation. It is easy to gain attention of the audience in oral presentation where as written presentation may sound boring. For a large number of audiences gathered at one place oral presentation plays a better role. Direct feedback is taken in oral presentations. Principles for Making Successful Oral Business Presentations 1. Purpose of presentation It is useful to make sure of the purpose of the presentation. A presentation usually has one of four basic purposes: (i) to inform, (ii) to persuade, (iii) to encourage, (iv) to entertain. The purposes are not mutually exclusive; a persuasive presentation informs, and surely benefits by entertaining. But the speaker should decide hand, what is to be the main purpose of his presentation, so that the presentation can be properly composed. 2. Audience Research Every communication must be in a form and style which suits the audience. The tone and the matter of the presentation depend on the nature of the audience. Analysing the audience, age group is an important factor. Different age groups respond differently to presentations. Children love to listen to stories and appreciate dramatic presentations Emotions of joy and sorrow can be aroused through stories; ideas have to be built up from familiar surroundings. High school children like to be treated as adults; they can appreciate sincerity and are not very critical. Visual aids are effective. College student (teenaged) audiences are responsive to new ideas; they appreciate an honest, straight forward approach and can be of interests and a progressive attitude; they like new projects. Young adults are the most sophisticated audience, having wide range ideas but are also very critical. Middle-aged audiences are conservative and do not like new ideas; they have more knowledge and experience of life, but they are not enthusiastic about changes or new ides; they listen with interest but do not easily accept. Most old people have no interest in changes at all; they like to be reminded of the good old days, but they are interested in information about what is going on in the world. Besides age, there are other factors which the speaker must know about his audience. Socio-cultural, educational and economic background obviously affect what the audience will understand and accept. Educated people of any age-group are naturally more critical; rich people do not favour social changes, while the poor are interested in change. All the above mentioned factors determine how a speaker should plan oil and do the necessary exercise in collecting, arranging and shaping the material for his or her presentation. He or she should remember what his or her audience expects from him. Effective speaking depends upon the speakers grabbing at sustaining the interest of the audience. He or she should know how to organise his or her matter that the concentration required for understanding a comprehending a specific component of the presentation is put in by the audience. The language component that the speaker makes use of to encode his message thoughts, ideas and views must match the choice, taste, interpretative and analytical acumen of the listeners. The speaker should know that any matter not following these conditions if put across his or her audience will result in the lack trust of the audience †¢ the speaker followed by a lack of concentration and of interest effecting noise and unrest. A speaker remains consc ious of these factors and accordingly prepares his or her material for presentation. 3. Preparation of the Text of the Presentation In the preparation of the subject matter for the presentation the very primary concern of the presentation is the determination of the objectives of the presentation. What as speakers do we want to do? Do we want to persuade the listeners to believe in us or to do what we want? Do we want to teach them what we presume to be taught to them? Do we want to stimulate their thinking by raising issues that require their pondering? Do we want to inform them which we think they should know? Finally, do we want to entertain our audience like a comedian creating humorous elements in our presentation? These are all general objectives of our presentation. However, the text of the presentation itself determines its specific objectives. After preparing the text for the presentation we should check whether it meets the pre-determined objectives or not. A presentation will turn out to be ineffective unless we pay attention to its texture and structure. A presentation should be able to catch the attention of the listeners. This can be done by telling them what they should expect to listen from the speaker. The speaker should start his presentation by giving the plan of his presentation, so that the listeners can follow the sequence. To attract the attention of the listener, a speaker could begin with questions like: Do you know how many people live below the poverty line? Did you read todays newspaper? 4. Structuring the Subject Matter A presentation has three fundamental parts; the introduction, the main body and the conclusion. This kind of structuring of the text of the presentation helps the speaker ways: Establishing the relationships among ideas. Developing the complete argument. Lightening the text as per the time constraint. Providing the audience a grip on the subject matter. Emphasizing the significant ideas of the theme. Stimulating the audience to learn what he or she thinks. Registering the important concepts with the audience. For a forty-five minute presentation a speaker should keep the number of main points to five to six points. After the decision regarding the audience, objectives and the collection of the ideas, the structuring of the text depends upon the time constraint. For providing a clear picture to the audience about the subject matter the speaker has to limit the number of main points to five or six points. Before going to the introduction of the text of the presentation or an oral presentation, we should concentrate on the main body of the text. In fact the composition of the main body determines the nature of introduction as well as the conclusion. 5. Language and Style The style of oral communication is different from the style of written communication, in any language. This difference must be kept in mind while drafting a presentation; the style of a presentation must be as simple and direct as the style of conversation. Words used in common everyday talk are the best for use in a presentation. Besides, the following tips should be considered by the speaker: Some words which are quite suitable for written communication must be avoided in oral communication: French and Latin words and phrases like raison detre, sine qua non, inter alia are likely to cause misunderstanding. Many people mispronounce these phrases, and even if the speaker pronounces them correctly, most people are not sure of their meanings. Technical terms which are understood only by people who belong to particular professions should be avoided. If they are absolutely necessary they should be explained. Words which are likely to give offence to members of the audience should not be used. It must be remembered that a public presentation has an audience beyond the people who are present; the presentation may be reported in the press and may be printed in full in the house magazine. if the speaker uses words like widows, blind, agitators, lame, old maids, or socially unpleasant words, some sections of the audience may feel hurl or displeased. Repeating phrases like as you know, you see, you know, can be irrital Also using the same adjective too many times becomes boring to listen Such mannerisms of presentation must be rigorously avoided. 6. Environment for Speaking while Making Presentation For effective speaking the venue or the place of delivering the presentation plays a very important role. The speaker must be aware of the size of the room he or she has to deliver the presentation for an oral presentation. Sometimes the rooms are large and echoing. Speaking in such rooms requires less resonating sound. The voice should be a little muffled following the lower notes. However, it5Poity have the required power. For the acoustically treated rooms the resonance of the voice in an oral presentation has an absolutely different kind of impression on the audience. The speaker should also check his or her voice in the rooms; find it out on his or her own, whether it reaches the last listener sitting at the back row. He or she should also find out how the delivery of the †¢voice is. Has he or she practised with the microphone? The room should be well-ventilated and well-illuminated. There should not be any distractions to both the speaker and the listeners. The distraction s like noise and any other interruptions should not be entertained. The seating layout also determines the voice flow, voice reverberation. Every seating arrangement has its merits and demerits. There are various seating arrangements available. When the audience sits in rows like that in a theatre, there is difficulty in eye contact between the speaker and the listener. The environment is very formal. The horseshoe pattern of seating arrangement is more informal and it helps in increasing participation. The curved rows too hinder proper eye contact. People sitting around tables make it very informal unless the audience is divided into groups for formal intercourse. 7. Timing for the Oral Presentation The efficient speaker arranges the text of his presentation in such a way that till the end of the presentation the listeners do not get restless. Also the time of day affects the audience. The afternoon hours hardly make any listener interested to listen to a presentation. But yet an efficient speaker may try to make that session interesting. For keeping to time an efficient speaker takes care of the concentration problem that the audience has with regard to time. Initially the concentration level is not much. After time duration it reaches its peak, and then it starts falling. The end of the presentation again increases the concentration level. However, the span of moderate concentration level may be attained by various concentration enhancing practices. Similarly, the speaker also has a specific time duration when he or she is in his or her sound physical and mental state. 8. Preparing Notes for the Presentation For the presentation in an oral presentation if the speaker writes out the complete presentation and learns it by heart when exact presentation is delivered it sounds stilted. In fact an efficient speaker though prepares the whole text of the presentation; he or she never learns it by heart. He or she reduces it to short notes and puts them on cards. These short notes are nothing but key words. Cards do not shake even if the speaker is nervous. The speaker does not require the papa weight to keep his or her papers as he or she can hold the cards very easily. The cards should be prepared by the speaker in his or her own handwriting as during a presentation or in an oral presentation if the speaker is not able to understand key item because of its illegibility, the complete oral presentation may be ruined. In the cards he or she should write the expected time duration that he or she may require while dealing with that specific point. He or she should clip the cards together by numberin g them. On each card he or she may write some messages regarding making eye-contact with the audience, making no mannerisms, slowing down when speaking fast, stressing on key words, modulating the voice etc., so that they remind him at every step and the presentation is delivered successfully. 9. How to Begin a Presentation? There are various ways of beginning presentation; the aim is to catch the attention of the audience. One may start with a question, a startling fact, a prominent statistics. One may begin with an anecdote or story, thus, â€Å"Ladies and Gentlemen, I am reminded of a story†. One may make some personal references, expressing one’s great pleasure in being invited to speak and so on. A well planned introduction motivates and stimulates the listeners. Simultaneously it generates confidence in the speaker. The impact of an impressive introduction is as follows: It grabs the attention of the audience. It establishes rapport with the audience. It earns the trust and belief of the audience in the speaker. The preview of the main body in the introduction removes all anticipation and draws the audience to the presentation. The introduction showing the speakers personalisation of the topic generates a feel in audience about its significance. It creates the first impression of the speaker among his or her audience. A well-knit introduction creates a favourable impression resulting in a greater attention of the audience to the speakers presentation. An effective introduction effects a smooth transition of the audience to the main body of the presentation. The speaker should not start with an apology or with a se speaker doubt. The speaker may choose from the following methods in the introduction to involve the audience in his or her presentation: By relating an incident to grab the attention. By making a statement to arouse the curiosity. By presenting facts to arrest thinking. By giving statistics to startle him or her. By asking questions to make them start pondering over it. By giving a friendly look to make them feel happy and energetic. By making an intriguing or a surprising statement to frighten the audience. By quoting an eminent person to generate interest of the audience in the subject matter. By telling a story to motivate them to think its significance. By paying a compliment to the audience to flatter them to listen to the speaker. 10. How to End an Oral Presentation? The conclusion of the presentation leaves the final impression on the minds of the listeners. A well-conceived conclusion not only signals the end of the presentation bile also reinforces the central idea in the mind of the listeners. A good presentation may lose all its impact if the conclusion is loose. A strong ending leaves the audience brooding and cogitating the presentation they have just heard. The techniques to draw an ending of the presentation are : By giving verbal clues like Let me end by saying, Before I conclude, One last point, In conclusion, To sum up, To conclude, etc. By our manner of delivery decreasing the pitch of the tone to lower notes. By slowing down the articulation of words and phrases. By going back to the story or incident with which the speaker started his or her presentation. By making a summary of the presentation. By quoting an eminent personality. The presentation should not end with the expressions like I think thats all I had to say. In fact the conclusion should make it clear to the audience what they should do next. The conclusion should generate the last thought in the minds of the listeners regarding the issues taken up in the presentation. 11. Question-Answer Session The ending of an effective presentation or an oral presentation depends upon how well the audience has participated in it. For audience participation there should be separate question answer sessions duly planned. The large audience may be divided into groups and separate sessions may be arranged at the end the talk. However, all this should be done keeping in mind the time constraints. The speaker invites questions from the audience. The questions should be expected after the audience is given some time to think. The speaker, after getting the question, should first repeat it and then answer it as concisely as pool but the answer is not known to the speaker, he or she should not make a guess a invite if any of the audience to offer the answer. The speaker should give to all groups to ask questions for clarification. The efficient speaker usually remains prepared with answers to the anticipated questions on his or her talk.

Comparing Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway and Emily Brontes Wuthering H

Comparing Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway and Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights share similarities in many aspects, perhaps most plainly seen in the plots: just as Clarissa marries Richard rather than Peter Walsh in order to secure a comfortable life for herself, Catherine chooses Edgar Linton over Heathcliff in an attempt to wrest both herself and Heathcliff from the squalid lifestyle of Wuthering Heights. However, these two novels also overlap in thematic elements in that both are concerned with the opposing forces of civilization or order and chaos or madness. The recurring image of the house is an important symbol used to illustrate both authors’ order versus chaos themes. Though Woolf and Bronte use the house as a symbol in very different ways, the existing similarities create striking resonances between the two novels at certain critical scenes. In Mrs. Dalloway, Clarissa Dalloway undergoes an internal struggle between her love for society and life and a combined affinity for and fear of death. Her practical marriage to Richard serves its purpose of providing her with an involved social life of gatherings and parties that others may find frivolous but Clarissa sees as â€Å"an offering† to the life she loves so well. Throughout the novel she grapples with the prospect of growing old and approaching death, which after the joys of her life seems â€Å"unbelievable†¦ that it must end; and no one in the whole world would know how she had loved it all; how, every instant†¦Ã¢â‚¬  At the same time, she is drawn to the very idea of dying, a theme which is most obviously exposed through her reaction to the news of Septimus Smith’s suicide. However, this crucial scene r... ...ng the juxtaposition of order and chaos. The roles that the houses of both stories play in this theme bring to light interesting similarities between the characters and thematic elements as well as revealing differences. Both Woolf and Bronte use the open window as a symbol for the opportunity to see beyond the physical, the ordered, into something less controllable by civilization. However, Catherine seems to be trapped in an unnatural and dangerous cycle of passion and madness that only dissipates after Heathcliff’s death, whereas Clarissa continues with life in society despite her attraction to death and to Septimus. The resonances between the window scenes of these two novels, though simultaneously similar and disparate, shed light on the nature of Clarissa’s and Catherine’s characters as well as on the two authors’ use of the civilization versus wildness theme.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

The Carbon Footprints of Sony and Dell Essay example -- Global Warming

The Carbon Footprints of Sony and Dell Abstract The purpose of this project was to investigate the carbon dioxide emissions of Sony Corporation and Dell, Inc. through the use of resources and the manipulation of rudimentary calculations and conversions. However, this comparison was not accurate because of lack of data on Dell's part. The significance of the data produced is it shows and compares the environmental efficiency of the companies targeted by quantifying their respective carbon footprints. Virtually all of the data obtained was found online through a variety of reliable sources, including the company websites of Sony and Dell and independent environmental reports. In order to compile the data, all information had to be converted into a "carbon footprint" unit, which is equal to grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt hour of generation. In this way, the carbon footprint was able to account for all greenhouse gases produced by the respective companies. Thus, with the gathered data, it was possible to determine which of the companies was less environmentally harmful. The collected data from this project is significant because of the impending effects of Global Warming. The information provides an insight on how such large companies can work to make themselves "carbon neutral", and thus contribute much less to the greenhouse effect. Introduction A Brief Introduction on Global Warming In recent years, the issue of Global Warming has become a heated debate topic. In abridged terms, Global Warming is defined as an increase in the temperature of the Earth as a result of greenhouse gases, solar activity and other variables that impact climate. Much of the controversy surrounding Global Warming is whether ... ... provides data on the CO2 emissions of Dell Notebooks and Dell Optiplex's. Conclusion Conclusion Potentially, both Sony Corporation and Dell, Inc. have large carbon footprints. This is because from calculating Sony's carbon footprint, we can imply that Dell, Inc.'s carbon footprint will be roughly the same because the process in which their electronic products are created are similar. Furthermore, levels of product usage are roughly equivalent. While an accurate comparison could not be made, we did manage to determine Sony's carbon footprint. Also, some information on Dell, Inc's. CO2 emissions concerning their computers was gathered. Ignoring the inaccuracy of comparison, it can be said that Sony Corporation has easily accessible information and was given a higher rating than Dell, Inc. by Greenpeace, and thus has a lower carbon footprint than Dell.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Workaholics Essay -- essays research papers

INTRODUCTION Why did I choose to write about workaholics? The main reason is that the general picture about these people is bad, but there are a lot of them around us and very often we admire them. They are doing exactly what they love – work – and they can never have enough of it. Although they spend most of their time working, surprisingly they are happy. They show so good results in what they do. But the consequences are great. Family life is disrupted, intellectual horizons narrow and the consequences to the workaholic's health are severe: fat, lack of exercise and stress. Why do people become workaholics? When a person becomes workaholic is there a way back? How should people around him act in order to keep both him and themselves happy? Lets start explaining what workaholics are, how they act and then we'll get answers to this questions. WHAT AND WHO ARE WORKAHOLICS?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The definition of workaholism from a dictionary would be someone who has a compulsion to work all time and a workaholic is someone who loves to work or who is addicted to work. How can this people work throughout the whole day and be happy and never tired knowing that they sleep only for 4-5 hours a day. Perhaps the main reason for this is that people evaluate themselves more on measurable things such as personal achievements and financial worth – not emotional wellness. People often tend to feel guilty if they are not constantly being productive, as they tend to consider relaxation a waste of precious time. They need work to feel good. Workaholics are people who put the work on first place. Usually they need to prove themselves to the their colleagues or their bosses so they would praise them. Sometimes workaholism occurs because the person works to avoid the pain. Workaholism is addiction and all addictions are in a way avoidance of pain. They work just t o cover the pain and not deal with it. Some of the workaholics became what they are because of greed. They can never have enough so they want to work as much as possible. Sometimes the hard workers are being referred as workaholics. While hard workers are ready to work some extra time to finish a project or to meet a deadline, the workaholic uses all his extra time to work. Workaholics don’t have hobbies except if they are related to the job such as golf games with business partners. Everybody thinks tha... ...usiness phone calls the workaholic will make [none can not be at the beginning, but after certain period of time if the whole procedure goes over and over again that can be established]. HOW CAN WORKAHOLIC TURN BACK TO NORMAL? All the methods offered for overwhelming workaholism are either group therapy or self-improvement courses. Both are based on describing what workaholism is, and how dangerous it can be for the entities. Also differentiating the hard working from workaholism. The two courses also tend to make the workaholics reasonable answers to questions like: How much is really enough for me? How long do I usually rest and is this enough? Is what I’m exchanging my life worth it? What summer vacations are for? And maybe the most important: What am I trying to prove and to whom I want to prove myself? Making the workaholic aware of what he has become and what is he actually doing is the first step to turn the person away from his addictiveness and make him get back to track and work normally. Reference: â€Å"Workaholics† – Marilyn Machlowitz *** â€Å"Journal of Applied Psychology† Nr.60 *** â€Å"The truth about burnouts† – Christina Maslach, Michael P. Leiter

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

A life of ones own

If you wanted to discover how to find your own happiness, start examining yourselves and take a glance on this book entitled A Life of One's Own by Joanna Field.This is a book that merely touches every reader's mind and heart. There are 10 remarkable facts about this book. First is that it was written by Marion Milner, she uses the pseudonym Joanna Field in writing this book She was 34 years old then when she wrote the book. It is about a diary of a young woman who is candidly questioning herself and what she is doing with her life.(The International Journal of Psychoanalysis 2001,p.609-611). The basis of this writing is her own personal intimate diary that she kept over many years and was finally published in this book in 1934. (amazon.com)The book cited different events in the author's life and done in a matter like she was writing in a Diary which is exposed to all people.Emotion is one great key in an individual's happiness because according to her which was also cited in the boo k, â€Å"I want to draw and study a few things closely by feeling, not thinking.† A lot of her entries started with â€Å"I want.†(Field 1934).In this book she tries to summarize her discoveries in terms of psychic bisexuality in all of us realizing that: she ‘had not understood at all that a feminine attitude to the universe was really just as legitimate, intellectually and biologically, as a masculine one' – and just as necessary for both women and men (amazon.com).Marion Milner is an English psychologist who was born in London in 1900 and in her book she cited the wide-focus mode of paying attention.(MacDonald'spp.96-97) Here the term that best describes her point of view is the term focus wherein we should always try to center our best to what we truly aim in our life and strive hard to reach the goal.According to Milner herself, her aim for doing the book is to find out what are the experiences that really made her happy. She tries to pick out those m oments in her daily life which had been particularly happy and tries to record them in words. She goes over these records in order to see where happiness occurred. (Tacher/Putnam 1981,preface)Being mindful of our own actions is one key point that should be taken out by the readers. There's one remarkable thought cited in the book â€Å"I came to the conclusion then that â€Å"continual mindfulness†. . . must mean, not a sergeant major-like drilling of thoughts, but a continual readiness to accept whatever came.† (Field 1934, 8June).If you are going to ask me why there is a need for you to read this book is because of three precious reasons: First, it makes you discover your true self and be mindful of all your actions. Next is for you to find out what can really make you happy, your likes and dislikes.   and lastly if you have questions like what to do and how to live the way you really wanted to be happy, start reading and reflecting on this book.ReferencesField, Jo anna. (1934) A Life of One's Own. 8JuneMacdonald, Copthorne. Comments about Open Focus,   Toward Wisdom pp. 96-97 Tacher, Jeremy P. (1981) from the author's 1934 Prefacehttp://www.amazon.co.uk/Life-Ones-Own-Joanna-Field/dp/0860688216/ref=pd_rhf_p_1 http://www.painterskeys.com/clickbacks/discipline.htm

Monday, September 16, 2019

Google Company Team Essay

Management team Larry Page and Sergey Brin founded Google in September 1998. Since then, the company has grown to more than 30,000 employees worldwide, with a management team that represents some of the most experienced technology professionals in the industry. Executive Officers Larry Page CEO As Google’s chief executive officer, Larry is responsible for Google’s day-to-day-operations, as well as leading the company’s product development and technology strategy. He co-founded Google with Sergey Brin in 1998 while pursuing a Ph.D. at Stanford University, and was the first CEO until 2001—growing the company to more than 200 employees and profitability. From 2001 to 2011, Larry was president of products. Larry holds a bachelor’s degree in engineering from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor and a master’s degree in computer science from Stanford University. He is a member of the National Advisory Committee (NAC) of the University of Michigan College of Engineering, and together with co-founder Sergey Brin, Larry was honored with the Marconi Prize in 2004. He is a trustee on the board of the X PRIZE, and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2004. Eric E. Schmidt Executive Chairman Since joining Google in 2001, Eric Schmidt has helped grow the company from a Silicon Valley startup to a global leader in technology. As executive chairman, he is responsible for the external matters of Google: building partnerships and broader business relationships, government outreach and technology thought leadership, as well as advising the CEO and senior leadership on business and policy issues. From 2001-2011, Eric served as Google’s chief executive officer, overseeing the company’s technical and business strategy alongside founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page. Under his leadership, Google dramatically scaled its infrastructure and diversified its product offerings while maintaining a strong culture of innovation. Prior to joining Google, Eric was the chairman and CEO of Novell and chief technology officer at Sun Microsystems, Inc. Previously, he served on the research staff at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), Bell Laboratories and Zilog. He holds a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from  Princeton University as well as a master’s degree and Ph.D. in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley. Eric is a member of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology and the Prime Minister’s Advisory Council in the U.K. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2006 and inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences as a fellow in 2007. He also chairs the board of the New America Foundation, and since 2008 has been a trustee of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. Sergey Brin Co-Founder Sergey Brin co-founded Google Inc. in 1998. Today, he directs special projects. From 2001 to 2011, Sergey served as president of technology, where he shared responsibility for the company’s day-to-day operations with Larry Page and Eric Schmidt. Sergey received a bachelor’s degree with honors in mathematics and computer science from the University of Maryland at College Park. He is currently on leave from the Ph.D. program in computer science at Stanford University, where he received his master’s degree. Sergey is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a recipient of a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship. He has published more than a dozen academic papers, including Extracting Patterns and Relations from the World Wide Web; Dynamic Data Mining: A New Architecture for Data with High Dimensionality, which he published with Larry Page; Scalable Techniques for Mining Casual Structures; Dynamic Itemset Counting and Implication Rules for Market Basket Data; and Beyond Market Baskets: Generalizing Association Rules to Correlations. Nikesh Arora Senior Vice President and Chief Business Officer Nikesh oversees all revenue and customer operations, as well as marketing and partnerships. Since joining Google in 2004, he has held several positions with the company. Most recently, he led Google’s global direct sales operations. He also developed and managed the company’s operations in the European, Middle Eastern and African markets and was responsible for creating and expanding strategic partnerships in those regions for the benefit of Google’s growing number of users and advertisers. Prior to joining Google, he was chief marketing officer and a member of the  management board at T-Mobile Europe. While there, he spearheaded all product development, terminals, brand and marketing activities of T-Mobile Europe. In 1999, he started working with Deutsche Telekom and founded T-Motion PLC, a mobile multimedia subsidiary of T-Mobile International. Prior to joining Deutsche Telekom, Nikesh held management positions at Putnam Investments and Fidelity Investments in Boston. Nikesh holds a master’s degree from Boston College and an MBA from Northeastern University, both of which were awarded with distinction. He also holds the CFA designation. In 1989, Nikesh graduated from the Institute of Technology in Varanasi, India with a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering. David C. Drummond Senior Vice President, Corporate Development and Chief Legal Officer David Drummond joined Google in 2002, initially as vice president of corporate development. Today as senior vice president and chief legal officer, he leads Google’s global teams for legal, government relations, corporate development (M&A and investment projects) and new business development (strategic partnerships and licensing opportunities). David was first introduced to Google in 1998 as a partner in the corporate transactions group at Wilson Sonsini Goodrich and Rosati, one of the nation’s leading law firms representing technology businesses. He served as Google’s first outside counsel and worked with Larry Page and Sergey Brin to incorporate the company and secure its initial rounds of financing. During his tenure at Wilson Sonsini, David worked with a wide variety of technology companies to help them manage complex transactions such as mergers, acquisitions and initial public offerings. David earned his bachelor’s degree in history from Santa Clara University and his JD from Stanford Law School. Patrick Pichette Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Patrick Pichette is Google’s chief financial officer. He has nearly 20 years of experience in financial operations and management in the telecommunications sector, including seven years at Bell Canada, which he joined in 2001 as executive vice president of planning and performance management. During his time at Bell Canada, he held various executive positions, including CFO from 2002 until the end of 2003, and was instrumental in the management of the  most extensive communications network in Canada and its ongoing migration to a new national IP-based infrastructure. Prior to joining Bell Canada, Patrick was a partner at McKinsey & Company, where he was a lead member of McKinsey’s North American Telecom Practice. He also served as vice president and chief financial officer of Call-Net Enterprises Inc., a Canadian telecommunications company. Patrick has been a member of the board of directors of Amyris, Inc., a synthetic biology company, since March 2010, and serves on its Audit Committee and Leadership Development and Compensation Committee. He also serves on the board of Trudeau Foundation. Patrick earned a bachelor’s degree in business administration from Università © du Quà ©bec à   Montrà ©al. He holds a master’s degree in philosophy, politics and economics from Oxford University, where he attended as a Rhodes Scholar.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Even A Clown Can Do It: Cirque du Soleil Recreates Live Entertainment Essay

Cirque du Soleil is a Canadian entertainment company which was created in 1984 by a group of young street performers. Daniel Gauthier and Guy LaLiberte are the founding Co-Presidents of Cirque du Soleil who self-described the company as a mix of circus arts and street entertainment and reinvent the circus industry from then on. 1. What are the key factors kept by Le Cirque? Which ones are downplayed and which ones were played up? Since Le Cirque is a circus company, it kept existing traditions of the circus such as the circus arts, featuring jugglers, trampolinists, trapeze artists, teeterboard virtuosos and, of course, clowns. Soleil combined elements of dance, circus and opera to keep its artistry, but the proportion of fun and humor in the whole show was decreased. Further, due to the increase of thematic line and the lack of a ringmaster announcing the acts, the individual performers are downplayed. Each of them now acts one of the roles to develop the overall thematic element an d their names are not showed in the cast list. In other words, big name acts have no place in Cirque du Soleil. Soleil keeps tents and concessions. As a traditionally large source of circus revenues which around 20% at the Ringling Brothers& Co. shows, Soleil only gains less than 10% of revenues from it. Compare with earning some of money from selling food and toys during the performance or inside the tent, Soleil preferred the performance-centered ethic of the troupe since the performances and themes are utterly unique. Sponsorships are an important source of revenue for Soleil. Soleil can mention the sponsors in the playbill, advertising and banners around the tent. The last key factor kept by Le Cirque is retaining the show on tour. Soleil plays it up by permanently perform three shows in Las Vegas and Disney World. 2. Which factors were totally eliminated by Le Cirque and what are the operational and financial implications? Soleil changed the multiple show arenas which is known as the three-ring venues for the following reasons. In order to overcome the visual distance from the audience, the clowns paint face garishly and we ar oversized shoes which probably frightening to the small children in a closer distance. Also, this format required more performers for each venue which definitely increase the cost. The aisle concession  sales were totally eliminated for the reason I mentioned above. The most striking differences of the Cirque du Soleil from the traditional circuses are the complete absence of star performers and animal shows. The animal acts are known as the most expensive cost for a show since the animals for circuses are frequently owned by their trainers and only leased to the show. Further, there are the fee for the services of the animals and its trainer, transportation as well as training. 3. Which factors were newly created by Le Cirque, and where do you think the inspiration came from? First of all, combination of traditional circus and street entertainment are the core created by the company. Second, a thematic line and storyline are manifested throughout the show in all kinds of ways. The creative teams at Cirque du Soleil would choose a theme first and then build a show to suit. It is more like an opera in this way and provides a high quality, seamless and fulfilling entertainment experience for audience. Third, by choosing distinctive themes, the com pany can create multiple productions which can enhance the reflux rate of the audience. For example, Cirque du Soleil has the shows named Mystere, La Nouba, Dralion, ‘O’ and Quidam. Four, an artistic original music and dance with ‘magic’ lighting and timing effects bring the audience visually feelings. The inspiration comes from mixing elements from circus, opera, music, dance and theatre as well as quit some aspects from traditional circuses, Laliberte actually reconstructed elements and the form of circus to a sophisticated entertainment. By doing so, Soleil is able to sell the tickets at a higher price to all aged audience instead of discounted tickets to children. It has raising the circus to a new scale and expanded target audience. As the circus historian Fred Pfening asks, â€Å"But is it circus?†(Williamson, 2000) Laliberte, probably, want to do something utterly unique and irrelevant or rather he just hope to help young people to express the ir dreams. 4. How does Cirque du Soleil create superior profits? How does it improve industry growth and generate revenues? How does it raise profitability and reduce its cost structure? Cirque du Soleil create superior profits by reinventing the circus industry and creating an uncontested market space. More professionally, it move from red ocean strategy to blue ocean strategy. Same as the traditional circus, the great majority of revenues for Soleil are form ticket sales. However, it redefied circus industry and target audience as I mentioned above to sell  tickets higher with full face value. It actually make the competition irrelevant. By creating diversified themes and high quality performances, Soleil remains the highest seat occupancy with approximately 85%-95% in the industry. Further, from Exhibit 2 we can see the amount of attendance jumped rapidly to almost 6 million from 1990 to 2000. The themes were also increased from one to six. Soleil creates and captures the new demand of the audience. Sponsorships play a low-key but important role in Soleil’s profits. A main sponsor guarantees a gate to the circus and is able to sell the tickets independently. Besides, three permanent shows hold frequently in the places with large potential customers, such as Las Vegas. Or lando and Disney World. The way of choosing the locations are changed. Obviously, the combination of these tourist cities and the fantastic shows is a creative idea to attract plenty of audience. Therefore, we can see the form Exhibit 1 that the major circus revenues increased rapidly to catch up with Feld Entertainment from 1993 to 2000. The most importantly, Soleil follows the different strategic logic called value innovation. It is the cornerstone of the blue ocean strategy since it break the value-cost trade-off. The definition for it is the simultaneous pursuit of differentiation and low cost, creating a leap in value for both buyers and the company (Blue Ocean Strategy, 2013). In this case, Soleil pursue the differentiation and lift buyer value by reinvent the industry and create many new factors as I mentioned in question 3. In addition, it eliminated animal acts and star performers to reduce the cost. Unlike the Irving Feld who expends a lot to add trill and danger, Soleil r educed these to save money for company. In conclusion, Cirque de Soleil realized if it wants to be succeed, it must stop compete with each other and to create a new market. According to the four action framework, the company find out the specific changes it should take. By breaking the market boundaries of circus and theater and reconstruct all the elements, Soleil achieved both differentiation and low cost or rather value innovation. It breaks the value-cost trade-off and create new best-practice rules under the blue ocean strategy. In general, it is not circus. It is Soleil. Reference Blue Ocean Strategy (2013). Value innovation. http://www.blueoceanstrategy.com/concepts/bos-tools/value-innovation/ Williamson,M. (2000) Even a Clown Can Do It: Cirque du Soleil Recreates Live Entertainment.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

More Than a Good Story Essay

As the top managers of their company, there are many issues that Bert and John must deal with. New issues arise on a daily basis when managing any organization. However, I believe that Bert and John have already encountered and dealt with the issues that were a threat to the company’s success. Such issues may have included; the business outgrowing its staff, developing a system which best fit the company’s needs, and also implementing a system the company will not outgrow. At the beginning stages of the company I believe the most important management function would have been planning. The management function that I believe is most important to Bert and John today, is leading. They seek out employees who possess the same attitude about life as they do, which is that â€Å"Life is Good†. Bert and John’s style of managing is guided by another of the company’s mottoes, â€Å"Do what you like. Like what you do† (Robbins & Coulter, 2012). It is even stated on their company’s website that, â€Å"In addition to knowledge, skills, and experience, we look to hire people who possess the same optimistic outlook on life that Jake has.† They encourage a carefree work environment and I believe that has a lot to do with their success. Another reason I feel that leading is the most important management function to Bert and John is because of their strong commitment to good causes. Their commitment to raising funds for non-profit organizations is surely an inspiration to their employees. â€Å"A manager that is an inspiration means that employees will follow that person because they believe in what the manager is doing and they are trying to help the company achieve its goals† (Rothbauer-Wanish, 2009). Bert and John’s managerial style is much different than what most people may be accustomed to. While they are looking to expand the company, they are not doing it for personal gain. They seek out employees who share their same outlook on life, which is that â€Å"Life is Good.† While this approach has proven to be successful for Bert and John, I don’t believe this same approach would bring such success to other organizations. The reason being, that many organizations do not have the luxury of projecting such a carefree work environment, because their mission requires a more serious approach. The company’s motto â€Å"Do what you like. Like what you do† might affect how managers manage because the message itself is uplifting. This motto encourages employees to get involved with the company on a more personal level. I believe that this motto and the overall vibe of Bert and John’s company has a lot to do with its success. I have never worked in a company where the top concern was if I enjoyed my job, but I sure would like to one day. If I were a consultant hired to take this company forward, my first suggestion would be to keep the company motto and carefree message the company currently has. I’m sure that Bert and John would agree. As Bert stated in an interview with Allister & Paine magazine, â€Å"From a business standpoint it’s extremely effective because there’s a magnetic emotional connection to those three simple words and it’s something that all of culture is starving for† (Allister & Paine, 2011). My second suggestion would be to participate in social networking. Bert and John seem to have a mindset of staying true to the individuals they were when they lived in their van and sole tee shirts on street corners. I would stress the fact that social networking is an excellent marketing tool and that by utilizing it they would not be â€Å"selling out.† Any other suggestions I have would not be to change the company’s structure but to build on the framework that is already in place. I feel that Bert and John have made the company the success it is today because they truly believe in what they are doing. Hewlitt’s Global Research found the five characteristics of the best employers are: 1) Inspired leadership, 2) Unique company culture, 3) Focus on growing talent, 4) Strong sense of accountability, and 5) Aligned HR practices and excellent execution (Hewitt Associates LLC, 2009). These are all characteristics that Bert and John possess, which has a lot to do with their company’s success. Since 1989 when Bert and John designed their very first tee shirt to the present they have turned their idea into a multi-million dollar company. They went from setting up a card table on street corners and living out of their van to organizing fundraisers that bring in millions of dollars for non-profit organizations. Their journey is definitely â€Å"More than a Good Story,† and an inspiration to anyone who aspires to own their own company. References Allister & Paine. (2011, November 7). Life is Good. Allister & Paine. The Digital Magazine for21st Century Executives. Retrieved from http://alisterpaine.com/2011/11/07/an-interviewwith-the-founders-ceo-of-life-is-good/ Hewitt Associates LLC. (2009). What Makes a Company a Best Employer? Retrieved fromhttps://ceplb03.hewitt.com/bestemployers/pdfs/BestEmployer.pdf Robbins, S.P., & Coulter, M. (2012). Management (11th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:Pearson Education, Inc. Rothbauer-Wanish, H. (2009, June 9). Leading as a Management Function. BusinessManagement. Retrieved from http://suite101.com/article/leading-as-a-managementfunct

Friday, September 13, 2019

Program for action research in Mi9 Melbourne Thesis

Program for action research in Mi9 Melbourne - Thesis Example The systems are proposed to be supplemented by a hardcopy and email feedback systems for the services of the Mi9. Results from the workshops and the email and hardcopy feedbacks are proposed to be consolidated by a research supervising group and presented to management for use in change management. Program for Action Research in Mi9 Melbourne Table of Content Abstract 1 I. Introduction 3 II. Review of Literature: Action Research and Soft Systems Methodology 6 III. Action Research Program 9 A. Problem Definition 9 B. Objectives 11 C. Research Design, Framework & Methodology 11 D. Basic Steps of Applications 13 1. Identifying the problem 13 2. Viewing the problem form several perspectives 14 3. Selecting perspectives and identifying root causes 14 4. Modelling the problem or how the problem can be solved 15 5. Identifying the limits of the model and reality 16 6. Identifying the changes that must take place 16 7. Identifying the action the action that must take place 16 E. Data Gatheri ng and Processing 17 F. System Iteration/Validation 18 G. Installing Solutions to Problems Identified, Continuity and Change Management 18 IV. Research Implementation Gantt Chart 19 Program for Action Research in the Commercial Sales and Client Services of Mi9 I. Introduction Change management is â€Å"making changes to a certain method or system in an orderly, systematic fashion to make sense out of the organizational chaos that is permeating the company, its suppliers and vendors and most importantly its customers† (Ledez, 2008, p. 112). Ledez (2008, p. 112) elaborated that change will be internal----which means â€Å"that the change will take place within the confines of the company and not outside the ‘walls’ of the organization.† Yet, Ledez (2008, p. 112) pointed out that even if the change must take place internally, â€Å"the reason for the change may be completely externally oriented.† However, I add that the urgency and necessity of change may arise precisely because the internal characteristics of the organisation may have failed to adjust after several years of changes taking place in the external environment. This work focuses on the process of change in a corporate setting. The corporate setting is Mi9 with its official website at http://mi9.com.au. Through its website, Mi9 declared itself as â€Å"one of Australia’s leading digital media companies, with the potential reach up to 69% of the population each month.† The company’s official website reports that Mi9 is a joint business between Microsoft and Nine Entertainment Company. The company was established in 1997 as an expansion of the â€Å"ninemsn† business which covers a number of products and companies. Mi9 services cover â€Å"publishing, online services, data strategies, consumer insights and advertising technologies† (Mi9, 2021a). Clicking the â€Å"About us† of the ninemsn website at http://ninemsn.com.au/ will l ead the internet user to the Mi9 â€Å"About us† webpage at http://mi9.com.au/aboutus.aspx. On the other hand, based on the Mi9 website, Mi9 covers â€Å"80+ premium content environments like ninemsn, Nine News, Wide World of Sports, The FIX, The Australian Women’s Weekly, Grazia and Woman’s Day† and these are only a few on the list of Mi9 services. Mi9 is â€Å"also home to Australia’